Fonte: http://www.storagereview.com/ssd_vs_hdd
terça-feira, 2 de outubro de 2012
quarta-feira, 2 de maio de 2012
sexta-feira, 13 de abril de 2012
Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file .ssh/authorized_keys
When configuring SSH keys to be able to login to a server without a password you mighkeys2t run into a permissions error. If the authorized_keys or authorized_keys2 file has the incorrect permissions it will not authenticate with your ssh-rsa key but instead still require a password. If you are having trouble configuring SSH keys you should check the /var/log/secure file to see if there is an error displaying in that log. You may see the error displayed below.
Error: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file .ssh/authorized_keys
If you see this error it means that the authorized_keys or authorized_keys2 file has the incorrect ownership or permissions. Make sure that the authorized_keys file is owned by the user that will be logged into and the permissions are 600. So if the username is backup you would want the file to look like the below when issuing the “ls -alh” command.
1 -rw------- 1 backup backup 409 Mar 23 19:56 authorized_keys
If the ownership or permissions are different than the above you can accomplish setting the proper ownership and permissions by using the below two commands.
1 chown backup.backup authorized_keys
2 chmod 600 authorized_keys
That should resolve your problems and now from the remote server you should be able to SSH to this server and login without a password.
quarta-feira, 4 de abril de 2012
A configuração do Certificado digital no IIS 7 é excluída automaticamente.
Sintoma:
O certificado digital desaparece da configuração do IIS e no event view é exibido a mensagem:
SSL Certificate Settings deleted for Port : 172.17.0.22:443 .
Solução:
Locate the following property in the section of the applicationHost.config file, and delete it:
This property is a legacy feature from Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 and is no longer needed.
Colado de <http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2025598>
O arquivo applicationHost.config pode ser encontrado em:
%windir%\system32\inetsrv\config\applicationHost.config
quinta-feira, 29 de março de 2012
Como testar as operações de SMTP utilizando o Telnet
1. Ligar o Telnet ao Exchange Server que aloja o serviço IMS utilizando a porta 25.
Comando telnet 25
2. Ligar o local echo no cliente de telnet para poder ver o que está a escrever.
No Telnet do Win 9x e NT 3.5/4.0 fá-lo através da opção “preferences” do menu “terminal”, e seleccionando o botão de opção do local echo. No Telnet do Windows 2000, escreva o comando "set local_echo", no command prompt.
3. Execute a seguinte sequência de comandos smtp
helo
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK
mail from:
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK - mail from
rcpt to:
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK - Recipient
data
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
354 Send data. Finalizar com CRLF.CRLF
To:
From:
Subject:
.
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK
quit
Fonte: http://www.rsoutlook.com/exc/telnetsmtp.htm
1. Ligar o Telnet ao Exchange Server que aloja o serviço IMS utilizando a porta 25.
Comando telnet
2. Ligar o local echo no cliente de telnet para poder ver o que está a escrever.
No Telnet do Win 9x e NT 3.5/4.0 fá-lo através da opção “preferences” do menu “terminal”, e seleccionando o botão de opção do local echo. No Telnet do Windows 2000, escreva o comando "set local_echo", no command prompt.
3. Execute a seguinte sequência de comandos smtp
helo
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK
mail from:
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK - mail from
rcpt to:
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK - Recipient
data
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
354 Send data. Finalizar com CRLF.CRLF
To:
From:
Subject:
a resposta deve ser a seguinte
250 OK
quit
Fonte: http://www.rsoutlook.com/exc/telnetsmtp.htm
sexta-feira, 16 de março de 2012
Performance commands for AIX
gz@aix~# sar -P ALL 1 4
AIX lpar1 3 5 0XXXXXXXXXXX 12/07/11
System configuration: lcpu=4 ent=0.50 mode=Uncapped
15:19:45 cpu %usr %sys %wio %idle physc %entc
15:19:46 0 57 37 6 0 0.19 37.3
1 32 22 12 35 0.07 14.9
2 0 26 0 74 0.00 0.1
3 0 32 0 68 0.00 0.1
U - - 11 37 0.24 47.7
- 26 17 15 42 0.26 52.3
15:19:47 0 53 41 6 0 0.18 35.1
1 24 23 7 46 0.07 13.9
2 0 27 0 73 0.00 0.1
3 0 30 0 70 0.00 0.1
U - - 12 39 0.25 50.9
- 22 18 15 46 0.25 49.1
15:19:48 0 49 37 13 1 0.29 58.4
1 17 65 10 9 0.19 38.2
2 0 26 0 74 0.00 0.1
3 0 34 0 66 0.00 0.1
U - - 1 3 0.02 3.3
- 35 46 12 7 0.48 96.7
15:19:49 0 53 42 5 1 0.17 33.9
1 41 21 21 18 0.08 16.9
2 0 28 0 72 0.00 0.1
3 0 30 0 70 0.00 0.1
U - - 14 35 0.25 49.1
- 25 18 19 39 0.25 50.9
Average 0 52 39 8 0 0.21 41.2
1 25 41 12 21 0.10 20.9
2 0 27 0 73 0.00 0.1
3 0 31 0 69 0.00 0.1
U - - 9 29 0.19 37.8
- 27 25 15 33 0.31 62.2
How to monitor the system wide processor utilization:gz@aix~# lparstat 1 3 System configuration: type=Shared mode=Uncapped smt=On lcpu=4 mem=4096 psize=10 ent=0.50 %user %sys %wait %idle physc %entc lbusy vcsw phint ----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- 30.5 39.9 7.7 21.9 0.38 76.4 37.0 1550 286 27.3 39.7 6.7 26.2 0.36 72.5 40.5 1641 285 35.4 46.1 6.5 12.0 0.43 87.0 37.7 1849 369
How to display micropartition statistics with topas:
gz@aix~# topas -L Interval: 2 Logical Partition: lpar1 Wed Dec 7 15:21:00 2011 Psize: - Shared SMT ON Online Memory: 4096.0 Ent: 0.50 Mode: UnCapped Online Logical CPUs: 4 Partition CPU Utilization Online Virtual CPUs: 2 %usr %sys %wait %idle physc %entc %lbusy app Vcsw phint %hypv hcalls 47 33 9 11 0.4 89.44 26.16 - 2492 411 55.9 40144 ================================================================================== LCPU minpf majpf intr csw icsw runq lpa scalls usr sys _wt idl pc lcsw Cpu0 292 0 1456 5072 1093 3 100 9643 52 41 6 1 0.24 1166 Cpu1 344 0 706 3622 849 0 100 11180 54 33 8 6 0.21 1285 Cpu2 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 74 0.00 20 Cpu3 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 71 0.00 20
How to display cpu utilization of all active partitions in the management system:
gz@aix~# topas -C Topas CEC Monitor Interval: 10 Wed Dec 7 15:18:23 2011 Partitions Memory (GB) Processors Shr: 5 Mon:79.0 InUse:75.0 Shr:8.5 PSz: 10 Don: 0.0 Shr_PhysB 7.29 Ded: 0 Avl: - Ded: 0 APP: 1.3 Stl: 0.0 Ded_PhysB 0.00 Host OS M Mem InU Lp Us Sy Wa Id PhysB Vcsw Ent %EntC PhI -------------------------------------shared------------------------------------- lpar1 A53 U 28 27 12 89 8 0 2 4.70 0 4.00 117.6 0 lpar2 A53 U 16 14 8 84 9 0 6 1.55 3188 1.50 103.5 1206 lpar3 A53 U 12 12 6 88 5 0 5 0.72 1426 0.50 143.2 610 lpar4 A53 U 16 15 8 3 10 0 85 0.29 3338 1.50 19.1 399 lpar5 A53 U 8.0 7.8 4 0 1 0 97 0.03 0 1.00 3.4 0 Host OS M Mem InU Lp Us Sy Wa Id PhysB Vcsw %istl %bstl ------------------------------------dedicated-----------------------------------
How to collect and display performance statistics for all logical CPUs in the system. In the example below, we will show one time the 20 seconds data:
gz@aix~# mpstat 20 1 System configuration: lcpu=2 ent=0.8 mode=Uncapped cpu min maj mpc int cs ics rq mig lpa sysc us sy wa id pc %ec lcs 0 301 0 160 450 556 262 0 22 100 3808 30 60 0 10 0.05 6.8 392 1 17 0 160 220 59 41 0 23 100 290 14 48 0 38 0.01 0.8 228 U - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 92 0.74 92.4 - ALL 318 0 320 670 615 303 0 45 100 4098 2 4 0 93 0.06 7.6 620
List of processes sorted by swap usage:
gz@aix~# ps gv | head -n 1; ps gv | egrep -v "RSS" | sort +5nto calculate total used:
gz@aix~# ps gv | egrep -v "RSS" | awk '{total+=$5} END{print total}'List of processes sorted by memory usage:
gz@aix~# ps gv | head -n 1; ps gv | egrep -v "RSS" | sort +6nto calculate total used:
gz@aix~# ps gv | egrep -v "RSS" | awk '{total+=$6} END{print total}'How to artificially limit the amount of memory:
gz@aix~# rmss -c 3000 Simulated memory size changed to 3000 Mb.
Tool to check the memory and paging space is allocation:
gz@aix~# svmon (with -P you can see per process allocation)How to determine the amount of asynchronous I/O (legacy) servers configured on your system:
gz@aix~# pstat -a | egrep ' aioserver' | wc -lor
gz@aix~# ps -ek | grep aioserver | grep -v posix_aioserver | wc -lHow to display virtual memory statistics:
root@aix53# vmstat -w 1 10 System configuration: lcpu=34 mem=30976MB ent=5.80 kthr memory page faults cpu ------- --------------------- ------------------------------------ ------------------ ----------------------- r b avm fre re pi po fr sr cy in sy cs us sy id wa pc ec 0 0 7061457 115394 0 0 0 0 0 0 9595 1833 34264 10 11 77 2 1.27 21.9 1 0 7061454 115397 0 0 0 0 0 0 9201 1709 33079 9 11 77 2 1.23 21.2 16 0 7061463 115192 0 0 0 0 0 0 12316 9676 33034 11 19 69 1 1.80 31.0 3 0 7061464 114619 0 0 0 0 0 0 10842 6207 33429 10 17 68 5 1.66 28.6 2 0 7061638 114443 0 0 0 0 0 0 6906 4124 28329 7 13 69 12 1.23 21.2 0 0 7061131 114942 0 2 0 0 0 0 5757 2354 23583 5 9 75 11 0.90 15.5 5 0 7061613 114457 0 2 0 0 0 0 6230 7724 23951 6 9 77 8 0.96 16.6 1 0 7062157 113913 0 0 0 0 0 0 6340 2021 24501 6 8 81 5 0.90 15.4 0 0 7062334 113736 0 0 0 0 0 0 5897 2530 22285 5 7 84 4 0.80 13.7 2 0 7062425 113645 0 0 0 0 0 0 7378 2931 28937 6 9 82 3 0.92 15.8
A script to get memory utilization:
gz@aix~# cat meminfo
#!/usr/bin/ksh
#
# Quick view of memory usage under AIX
#
USED=`svmon -G | head -2 | tail -1 | awk '{ print $3 }'`
USED=`expr $USED / 256`
TOTAL=`lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem | awk '{ print $2 }'`
TOTAL=`expr $TOTAL / 1000`
FREE=`expr $TOTAL - $USED`
echo "\nMemory Information"
echo "=================="
echo "total memory = $TOTAL MB"
echo "free memory = $FREE MB"
echo "used memory = $USED MB"
exit 0
Fonte: http://docs.gz.ro/aix-performance-commands
quinta-feira, 15 de março de 2012
Backup commands for AIX
Creates image.data and system backup (-X expands /tmp if required):
Creates image.data file with map file and system backup:
Creates system data but excludes the files listed in /etc/exclude.rootvg:
Creates /image.data file:
Creates system boot backup to the CD-R device /dev/cd1:
Creates backup of vg vg00 to CD-R device /dev/cd1:
Creates generic boot backup:
Creates vg00.data image file and backup vg vg00:
Creates vg00 backup but excludes files listed in the /etc/exclude.vg00:
Backup entire system to rmt0:
Backup /home directory to rmt0 with backup level 0:
List the archive in rmt0:
Restore /home from archive in device rmt0:
Restores particular file from /export/mksysb image:
Archives /home directory:
Create an archive of /home directory:
Restores cpio archive from rmt0:
List the contents of cpio archive from rmt0:
Restores /home directory from rmt0:
Archives /home to rmt0 device:
List the archives in rmt0:
Extract /home from rmt0:
Convert and copy ascii file si to ebcdic si1:
To copy blocks from rmt0 with 512 blocks to rmt1 with 1024 blocks:
To rewind the tape:
To eject the tape:
To show the status of tape:
To change the block size of the tape to 512:
How to restore a file from mksysb:
#mksysb -i -X /dev/rmt0Creates image.data file with map file and system backup:
#mksysb -m /dev/rmt0Creates system data but excludes the files listed in /etc/exclude.rootvg:
#mksysb -e /dev/rmt0Creates /image.data file:
#mkszfileCreates system boot backup to the CD-R device /dev/cd1:
#mkcd -d /dev/cd1Creates backup of vg vg00 to CD-R device /dev/cd1:
#mkcd -d /dev/cd1 -v vg00Creates generic boot backup:
#mkcd -d /dev/cd1 -GCreates vg00.data image file and backup vg vg00:
#savevg -i -f /dev/rmt0 vg00Creates vg00 backup but excludes files listed in the /etc/exclude.vg00:
#savevg -ef /dev/rmt0 vg00Backup entire system to rmt0:
#find / -print | backup -ivf /dev/rmt0Backup /home directory to rmt0 with backup level 0:
#backup -0vf /dev/rmt0 /homeList the archive in rmt0:
#restore -Tvf /dev/rmt0Restore /home from archive in device rmt0:
#restore -xvf /dev/rmt0 /homeRestores particular file from /export/mksysb image:
#restore –xvf /export/mksysb ./etc/sshd.confArchives /home directory:
#find ./home -print |cpio -ocvumB > /dev/rmt0Create an archive of /home directory:
#tar cvf /tmp/home.tar /homeRestores cpio archive from rmt0:
#cpio -icvdumB < /dev/rmt0List the contents of cpio archive from rmt0:
#cpio -ivt < /dev/rmt0Restores /home directory from rmt0:
#cpio -icvd < /dev/rmt0 /homeArchives /home to rmt0 device:
#tar -cvf /dev/rmt0 /homeList the archives in rmt0:
#tar -tvf /dev/rmt0Extract /home from rmt0:
#tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 /homeConvert and copy ascii file si to ebcdic si1:
#dd if=si of=si1 conv=ebcdicTo copy blocks from rmt0 with 512 blocks to rmt1 with 1024 blocks:
#dd if=/dev/rmt0 ibs=512 obs=1024 of=/dev/rmt1To rewind the tape:
#tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewindTo eject the tape:
#tctl -f /dev/rmt0 offlineTo show the status of tape:
#tctl -f /dev/rmt0 statusTo change the block size of the tape to 512:
#chdev -l rmt0 -a block_size=512How to restore a file from mksysb:
# listvgbackup -f /path/to/mksysb.image -r ./etc/fileFonte: http://docs.gz.ro/node/20
sexta-feira, 9 de março de 2012
SRC – Gerenciamento de daemons no AIX
O AIX tem um gerenciador de daemons, chamado SRC, em inglês, “System Resource Controller“.Através do SRC podemos verificar se um serviço está ativo, parar, iniciar ou reinicializar um serviço.
Isto pode ser feito através dos seguintes comandos:
startsrc: iniciar refresh: reiniciar stopsrc: parar lssrc: verificar status
O SRC permite trabalharmos com um serviço ou um grupo de serviços. Para um serviço, usamos a opção “-s” e para um grupo, “-g”.
Por exemplo, para gerenciar os serviços de NFS:
Verificando status do grupo de serviços:
# lssrc -g nfs Subsystem Group PID Status biod nfs inoperative nfsd nfs inoperative rpc.statd nfs inoperative rpc.lockd nfs inoperative rpc.mountd nfs inoperative
Iniciando um serviço:
# startsrc -s nfsd # lssrc -g nfs Subsystem Group PID Status nfsd nfs 23672 active biod nfs inoperative rpc.statd nfs inoperative rpc.lockd nfs inoperative rpc.mountd nfs inoperative
Iniciando um grupo de serviços:
# startsrc -g nfs 0513-059 The biod Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 17242. 0513-029 The nfsd Subsystem is already active. Multiple instances are not supported. 0513-059 The rpc.statd Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 19862. 0513-059 The rpc.lockd Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 24236. 0513-059 The rpc.mountd Subsystem has been started. Subsystem PID is 6802. # lssrc -g nfs Subsystem Group PID Status nfsd nfs 23672 active biod nfs 17242 active rpc.statd nfs 19862 active rpc.lockd nfs 24236 active rpc.mountd nfs 6802 active
Parando um grupo de serviços:
# stopsrc -g nfs 0513-044 The nfsd Subsystem was requested to stop. 0513-044 The biod Subsystem was requested to stop. 0513-044 The rpc.statd Subsystem was requested to stop. 0513-044 The rpc.lockd Subsystem was requested to stop. 0513-044 The rpc.mountd Subsystem was requested to stop. # lssrc -g nfs Subsystem Group PID Status biod nfs inoperative nfsd nfs inoperative rpc.statd nfs inoperative rpc.lockd nfs inoperative rpc.mountd nfs inoperative
Fonte: http://www.unixnotes.org/2007/01/31/src-gerenciamento-de-daemons-no-aix
quinta-feira, 8 de março de 2012
AIX - Identificando portas abertas
É muito importante conhecer o ambiente que está sendo administrado. Em se tratando de servidores, muitas vezes temos em um ambiente muitas portas abertas (em modo listen), e é importante saber qual processo está ouvindo em uma determinada porta, por questões de segurança e até em situações de troubleshooting.A dica de hoje é identificar, no AIX, qual processo está sendo executado em uma porta específica.
Método 1 - Usando os comandos netstat e rmsock
Protocolo TCP:# netstat -Aan |grep *.1334
f1000e0002b753b0 tcp4 0 0 *.1334 *.* LISTEN
# rmsock f1000e0002b753b0 tcpcb
The socket 0x2b75008 is being held by proccess 5701822 (writesrv).
# ps -ef |grep 5701822
root 5701822 1507536 0 Jun 10 - 0:00 /usr/sbin/writesrv
Como podem ver o processo writesrv está sendo executado na porta 1334.
Protocolo UDP:
# netstat -Aan |grep *.514
f1000e0002a67e00 udp4 0 0 *.514 *.*
# rmsock f1000e0002a67e00 inpcb
The socket 0x2a64c08 is being held by proccess 5308580 (syslogd).
# ps -ef |grep 5308580
root 5308580 1507536 0 Jun 10 - 0:36 /usr/sbin/syslogd
A porta 514 UDP está sendo utilizada pelo processo do syslogd.
Método 2 - Utilizando os comandos netstat e kdb (kernel debuger)
# netstat -Aan |grep 1334f1000e0002b753b0 tcp4 0 0 *.1334 *.* LISTEN
# kdb
(0)>
(0)> sockinfo f1000e0002b753b0 tcpcb
[... A saída do comando kdb é bem detalhado, e por isso foi truncado. O importante para nós é a ultima linha, como mostrado abaixo ... ]
proc/fd: 87/3
proc/fd: fd: 3
SLOT NAME STATE PID PPID ADSPACE CL #THS
pvproc+015C00 87*writesrv ACTIVE 05700BE 01700D0 0000001190239480 0 0001
O importante é saber o PID do processo, que está em hexadecimal na coluna PID.
Para converter de hexadecimal para decimal, basta utilizar o comando hcal, dentro do prompt do kdb. Como mostrado abaixo.
(0)>
(0)>
(0)> hcal 05700BE
Value hexa: 005700BE Value decimal: 5701822
(0)> quit
De volta ao shell, verificar qual programa pertence ao PID 5701822.
# ps -ef |grep 5701822
root 5701822 1507536 0 Jun 10 - 0:00 /usr/sbin/writesrv
O mesmo procedimento pode ser utilizado para portas UDP, sempre trocando o parâmetro tcpcb por inpcb.
Dica válida para AIX versões 5.3 e 6.1
Fonte: http://www.vivaolinux.com.br/dica/AIX-Identificando-portas-abertas
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